背压对撞击式喷嘴雾化特性影响研究

为研究背压对撞击式喷嘴雾化特性的影响,将压力的变化等效为气体密度的变化,基于一种树形自适应加密算法,通过直接数值求解不可压Navier-Stokes方程组实现了不同背压条件下射流撞击雾化的数值模拟。首先将数值模拟结果与试验数据进行对比,验证数值模拟的有效性,在此基础上开展了高背压条件下雾化过程的数值模拟。结果表明,随着背压的提高,气动力相应增强,液膜的破碎更加剧烈,一次雾化区域的液滴数密度增大,雾场由稀疏向稠密发展;液膜在向下游运动过程中波动速度的幅值逐渐增大,并且随着背压的提高,液膜的波动由线性向非线性转变;背压增大导致破碎长度减小,经过参数修正得到了液膜破碎长度的经验公式,并与试验数据进行了对比;背压对液滴尺寸分布规律没有显著影响,但随着背压的提高,同一时刻大液滴所占的比例提高,整个雾场的Sauter平均直径有增加的趋势,当背压从0.1MPa增大到1MPa时,雾场的Sauter平均直径由155.5μm增大到166.9μm;背压增大,液滴粒径分布的均匀度指数减小,液滴尺寸分布更加不均匀。     

Sensitivity analysis of flowfield modeling parameters upon the flow structure and aerodynamics of an opposing jet over a hypersonic blunt body

Implementation of an opposing jet in design of a hypersonic blunt body significantly modifies the external flowfield and yields a considerable reduction in the aerodynamic drag. This study aims to investigate the effects of flowfield modeling parameters of injection and freestream on the flow structure and aerodynamics of a blunt body with an opposing jet in hypersonic flow. Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with a Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model are employed to simulate the intricate jet flow interaction. Through utilizing a Non-Intrusive Polynomial Chaos (NIPC) method to construct surrogates, a functional relation is established between input modeling parameters and output flowfield and aerodynamic quantities in concern. Sobol indices in sensitivity analysis are introduced to represent the relative contribution of each parameter. It is found that variations in modeling parameters produce large variations in the flow structure and aerodynamics. The jet-to-freestream total-pressure ratio, jet Mach number, and freestream Mach number are the major contributors to variation in surface pressure, demonstrating an evident location-dependent behavior. The penetration length of injection, reattachment angle of the shear layer, and aerodynamic drag are also most sensitive to the three crucial parameters above. In comparison, the contributions of freestream temperature, freestream density, and jet total temperature are nearly negligible.     

扫频式射流对涡轮叶栅间隙泄漏流动影响的数值研究

为控制涡轮叶栅中叶顶间隙泄漏流动和改善涡轮气动性能,将扫频式射流器(SJA)作为一种主动流动控制方法应用在涡轮叶栅的研究中。通过非定常数值计算,分析了SJA对涡轮叶栅叶顶间隙流动的作用过程以及作用机理,并且研究了不同工况下SJA对涡轮叶顶流场改善效果以及不同频率的SJA对叶顶流场的影响。结果表明:通过在涡轮叶栅上端壁增加单个SJA装置,可以有效地延迟上端壁的流动分离,其中最佳方案射流流量仅为进口总流量的0.35%,涡轮叶栅出口截面总压损失系数减少了11.48%。存在着最佳的频率284Hz,使SJA装置对流场的作用效果最佳,有效地改善了涡轮叶栅内的间隙流动。     

Mathematical modeling of plasma drifts over equatorial low latitude regions

This paper presents a mathematical model to simulate ionospheric plasma drifts at equatorial low latitude regions by coupling of E- and F-regions. The governing non-linear differential equations (of elliptic and parabolic nature) are solved numerically through finite-difference schemes and obtained neutral winds and electric fields. The temperature and electron density profiles are generated utilizing MSIS-86 atmospheric model. The continuity equation is employed to obtain night-time E-region density profile using measured ionograms at Trivandrum (India). The computed vertical and zonal plasma drifts are comparable with measured Jacamarca plasma drifts with little variations during noon and evening times. The plasma drifts at Trivandrum (8.5° N, 76.5° E, dip 0.5° N) are compared with those of Jicamarca (12° S, 76.9° W, dip 2° N). Neutral wind simulations of present model agree well with those of horizontal wind model (HWM-93). The post-sunset enhancement and its reversal are also discussed.     

超跨声速喷流流场的PIV测量

对示踪粒子发生装置和几种粒子的特性进行了实验研究 ,发现压缩空气流中自然存在的润滑油粒子在跟随性、分布的均匀性和稳定性、以及浓度方面对于PIV测量都非常有利。实验成功地应用PIV技术对超跨声速喷流流场进行了测量 ,初步分析了测量结果与理论的差异 ,并分析了实验的可靠性和精度。     

发动机故障诊断主状态量模型的数学模型

发动机故障诊断的一种主要方法是根据故障方程和发动机性能参数的测量值确定故障的类别和故障程度,故障方程组通常是亚定的。主状态量模型是求解亚定的故障方程的有效方法。主状态量模型的主要内容是根据最少故障原理,利用最优化方法求解然后根据合理性准则选择合理最优解。本文详细地讨论了主状态量模型可能采用的数学模型,并且指出:(1)主状态量模型可以采用不同的数学模型求解;(2)并非所有的数学模型都能给出合理的结果。本文的研究结果表明,约束或无约束超定最小二乘法和单个优选的散度法是发动机故障诊断主状态量模型的理想算法,而本文中所讨论的其他算法都或多或少存在一定的问题。     

提高飞行器升力的若干方法研究

本研究用数值模拟方法研究了四种增升方法。数据模拟的出发方程是可压流的Ｎ－Ｓ方程，格式为Ｂｅａｍ－Ｗａｒｍｉｎｇ格式的改进型。通过上述方法分别研究了：（１）动界效应对提高升力的作用；（２）涡的有利干扰对主升力面的影响；（３）吸气的驻涡增效应；（４）升力面下表面向下喷气的增升作用。研究结果表明，采用上述四种方法可有效地提高飞行器的升力，对改善飞行器的性能有着十分重要的意义。     

Experimental investigation and correlation development of jet impingement heat transfer with two rows of aligned jet holes on an internal surface of a wing leading edge

Extensive experimental studies on the heat transfer characteristics of two rows of aligned jet holes impinging on a concave surface in a wing leading edge were conducted, where50000 Rej 90000, 1.74 H/d 27.5, 66° a 90°, and 13.2 r/d 42.03. The finding was that the heat transfer performance at the jet-impingement stagnation point with two rows of aligned jet holes was the same as that with a single row of jet holes or the middle row of three-row configurations when the circumferential angle of the two jet holes was larger than 30°. The attenuation coefficient distribution of the jet impingement heat transfer in the chordwise direction was so complicated that two zones were divided for a better analysis. It indicated that: the attenuation coefficient curve in the jet impingement zone exhibited an approximate upside-down bell shape with double peaks and a single valley; the attenuation coefficient curve in the non-jet impingement zone was like a half-bell shape, which was similar to that with three rows of aligned jet holes; the factors,including Rej, H/d and r/d, affected the attenuation coefficient value at the valley significantly.When r/d was increased from 30.75 to 42.03, the attenuation rates of attenuation coefficient increased only by 1.8%. Consequently, experimental data-based correlation equations of the Nusselt number for the heat transfer at the jet-impingement stagnation point and the distributionof the attenuation coefficient in the chordwise direction were acquired, which play an important role in designing the wing leading edge anti-icing system with two rows of aligned jet holes.     

Remote upgrading of a space-borne instrument

The main purposes of experiment “Obstanovka” (“Environment” in Russian) consisting of several instruments are to measure a set of electromagnetic and plasma phenomena characterizing the space weather conditions, and to evaluate how such a big and highly energy consuming body as the International Space Station disturbs the surrounding plasma, and how the station itself is charged due to the operation of so many instruments, solar batteries, life supporting devices, etc. Two identical Langmuir electrostatic probes are included in the experiment “Obstanovka”. In this paper the Langmuir probes for “Obstanovka” experiment are described, including the choice of geometry (spherical or cylindrical), a more reliable method for the sweep voltage generation, an adaptive algorithm for the probe’s operation. Special attention is paid to the possibility for remote upgrading of the instrument from the ground using the standard communication channels.     

2级脉冲爆震发动机中超声速射流对撞诱导激波聚焦试验研究

为研究2-St age PDE中连续超声速射流及结构参数对撞诱导激波聚焦的影响规律,在冷态条件下开展了2-St age PDE中连续超声速射流对撞诱导激波聚焦的试验。分析了喷口宽度、导流环深度、凹面腔开口端与喷管间距、尾喷管角度、射流入射压力等参数对凹面腔底部峰值压力的影响。结果表明:喷口宽度、导流环深度、凹面腔开口端与喷口间距、射流入射压力越大,凹面腔底部峰值压力越大,激波聚焦效果越好;尾喷管角度越大,凹面腔底部峰值压力越小,激波聚焦效果越差;喷口宽度、导流环深度、射流入射压力对激波聚焦的影响较大。